Trung Bộ Kinh
Majjhima Nikaya
Majjhima Nikaya
73. Ðại kinh Vacchagotta
(Mahàvacchagotta sutta)
(Mahàvacchagotta sutta)
1) (SC. Viên Bảo)
The Greater Discourse to Vacchagotta
Thus have I heard.
On one occasion the Blessed One was living at Rajagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrels' Sanctuary.
On one occasion the Blessed One was living at Rajagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrels' Sanctuary.
Then the wanderer Vacchagotta went to the Blessed One and exchanged greetings with him. Then he sat down at one side and said to the Blessed One:
2) SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha
"I have had conversations with Master Gotama for a long time. It would be good if Master Gotama would teach me in brief the wholesome and the unwholesome."
3) SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"I can teach you the wholesome and the unwholesome in brief, Vaccha, and I can teach you the wholesome and the unwholesome at length. Still I will teach you the wholesome and the unwholesome in brief. Listen and attend closely to "what I shall say."
4) (SC. Viên Trung An) "Yes, sir,"
5) (SC. Viên Bảo)
The wanderer Vacchagotta replied.
The Blessed One said this:
6) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha
"Vaccha, greed is unwholesome, non-greed is wholesome; hate is unwholesome, non-hate is wholesome; delusion is unwholesome, non-delusion is wholesome. In this way three things are unwholesome and the other three things are wholesome. Killing living beings is unwholesome, abstention from killing living beings is wholesome; taking what is not given is unwholesome, abstention from taking what is not given is wholesome; misconduct in sensual pleasures is unwholesome, abstention from misconduct in sensual pleasures is wholesome; false speech is unwholesome, abstention from false speech is wholesome; malicious speech is unwholesome, abstention from malicious speech is wholesome; harsh speech is unwholesome, abstention from harsh speech is wholesome; gossip is unwholesome, abstention from gossip is wholesome; covetousness is unwholesome, un-covetousness is wholesome; ill will is unwholesome, non-ill will is wholesome; wrong view is unwholesome, right view is wholesome. In this way ten things are unwholesome and the other ten things are wholesome. "
"When a bhikkhu has abandoned craving, cut it off at the root, made it like a palm stump, done away with it so that it is no longer subject to future arising, then that bhikkhu is an arahant with taints destroyed, one who has lived the holy life, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, reached the true goal, destroyed the fetters of being, and is completely liberated through final knowledge."
7) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Apart from Master Gotama, is there any one bhikkhu, Master Gotama's disciple, who by realizing for himself with direct knowledge here and now enters upon and abides in the deliverance of mind and deliverance by wisdom that are taint-less with the destruction of the taints?"
8) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"There are not only one hundred, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but far more bhikkhus, my disciples, who by realizing for themselves with direct knowledge here and now enter upon and abide in the deliverance of mind and deliverance by wisdom that are taint-less with the destruction of the taints."
9) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Apart from Master Gotama and the bhikkhus, is there any one bhikkhuni, Master Gotama's disciple, who by realizing for herself with direct knowledge here and now enters upon and abides in the deliverance of mind and deliverance by wisdom that are taint-less with the destruction of the taints?"
10) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"There are not only one hundred, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but far more bhikkhunis, my disciples, who by realizing for themselves with direct knowledge here and now enters upon and abides in the deliverance of mind and deliverance by wisdom that are taint-less with the destruction of the taints?"
11) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Apart from Master Gotama and the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis (monks and nuns), is there any man lay follower, Master Gotama's disciple, clothed in white leading a life of celibacy who, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, will reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes and there attain final Nibbana without ever returning from that world?"
12) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
" There are not only one hundred, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but far more men lay followers, my disciples, clothed in white leading lives of celibacy who, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, will reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes and there attain final Nibbana without ever returning from that world."
13) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Apart from Master Gotama, the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and the men lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy, is there any one man lay follower, Master Gotama's disciple, clothed in white enjoying sensual pleasures, who carries out his instruction, responds to his advice, has gone beyond doubt, become free from perplexity, gained intrepidity, and become independent of others in the Teacher's Dispensation?"
14) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"There are not only one hundred, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but far more men lay followers, my disciples, clothed in white enjoying sensual pleasures, who carry out my instruction, respond to my advice, have gone beyond doubt, become free from perplexity, gained intrepidity, and become independent of others in the Teacher's Dispensation."
15) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Apart from Master Gotama, the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and the men lay followers clothed in white, both those leading lives of celibacy and those enjoying sensual pleasures, is there any one woman lay follower, Master Gotama's disciple, clothed in white leading a life of celibacy who, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, will reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes and there attain final Nibbana without ever returning from that world?"
16) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"There are not only one hundred...or five hundred, but far more women lay followers, my disciples, clothed in white leading lives of celibacy who, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, will reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes and there attain final Nibbana without ever returning from that world." (Non-returner)
17) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Apart from Master Gotama, the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and the men lay followers clothed in white, both those leading lives of celibacy and those enjoying sensual pleasures, and the women lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy, is there any one woman lay follower, Master Gotama's disciple, clothed in white enjoying sensual pleasures, who carries out his instruction, responds to his advice, has gone beyond doubt, become free from perplexity, gained intrepidity, and become independent of others in the Teacher's Dispensation?"
18) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"There are not only one hundred...or five hundred, but far more women lay followers, my disciples, clothed in white enjoying sensual pleasures, who carry out my instruction, respond to my advice, have gone beyond doubt, become free of perplexity, gained intrepidity, and become independent of others in the Teacher's Dispensation."
19) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Master Gotama, if only Master Gotama were accomplished in this Dhamma but no bhikkhus were accomplished, then this holy life would be deficient in that respect; but because Master Gotama and bhikkhus are accomplished in this Dhamma, this holy life is thus complete in that respect.
If only Master Gotama and bhikkhus were accomplished in this Dhamma, but no bhikkhunis were accomplished, then this holy life would be deficient in that respect; but because Master Gotama, bhikkhus, and bhikkhunis are accomplished in this Dhamma, this holy life is thus complete.
If only Master Gotama, bhikkhus, and bhikkhunis were accomplished in this Dhamma, but no men lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy were accomplished, then this holy life would be deficient in that respect; but because Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and men lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy are accomplished in this Dhamma, this holy life is thus complete.
If only Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and men lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy were accomplished in this Dhamma, but no men lay followers clothed in white enjoying sensual pleasures were accomplished, then this holy life would be deficient in that respect; but because Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and men lay followers clothed in white, both those leading lives of celibacy and those enjoying sensual pleasures, are accomplished in this Dhamma, this holy life is thus complete.
If only Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, and men lay followers clothed in white...were accomplished in this Dhamma, but no women lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy were accomplished, then this holy life would be deficient in that respect; but because Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, men lay followers clothed in white...and women lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy are accomplished in this Dhamma, this holy life is thus complete.
If only Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, men lay followers clothed in white...and women lay followers clothed in white leading lives of celibacy were accomplished in this Dhamma, but no women lay followers clothed in white enjoying sensual pleasures were accomplished, then this holy life would be deficient in that respect; but because Master Gotama, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, men lay followers clothed in white, both those leading lives of celibacy and those enjoying sensual pleasures, and women lay followers clothed in white, both those leading lives of celibacy and those enjoying sensual pleasures, are accomplished in this Dhamma, this holy life is thus complete in that respect."
"Just as the river Ganges inclines towards the sea, slopes towards the sea, flows towards the sea, and merges with the sea, so too Master Gotama's assembly with its recluses and its householders inclines towards Nibbana, slopes towards Nibbana, flows towards Nibbana, and merges with Nibbana. Magnificent, Master Gotama! Magnificent, Master Gotama! Master Gotama has made the Dhamma clear in many ways, as though he were turning upright what had been overthrown, revealing what was hidden, showing the way to one who was lost, or holding up a lamp in the dark for those with eyesight to see forms. I go to Master Gotama for refuge and to the Dhamma and to the Sangha of bhikkhus. I would receive the going forth under Master Gotama, I would receive the full admission."
20) (SC. Phước Viên) Buddha:
"Vaccha, one who formerly belonged to another sect and desires the going forth and the full admission in this Dhamma and Discipline lives on probation for four months. At the end of four months, if the bhikkhus are satisfied with him, they give him the going forth and the full admission to the bhikkhus' state. But I recognize individual differences in this matter."
21) (SC. Viên Trung An) Vaccha:
"Venerable sir, if those who formerly belonged to another sect and desire the going forth and the full admission in this Dhamma and Discipline live on probation for four months, and. if at the end of the four months the bhikkhus being satisfied with them give them the going forth and the full admission to the bhikkhus' state, then I will live on probation for four years. At the end of the four years if the bhikkhus are satisfied with me, let them give me the going forth and the full admission to the bhikkhus' state."
22) (SC. Viên Bảo)
Then the wanderer Vacchagotta received the going forth under the Blessed One, and he received the full admission. Not long after his full admission, half-a month after his full admission, the venerable Vacchagotta went to the Blessed One, and after paying homage to him, he sat down at one side and told the Blessed One:
23) SC Nhuận Pháp) "Venerable sir, I have attained whatever can be attained by the knowledge of a disciple in higher training, by the true knowledge of a disciple in higher training. Let the Blessed One teach me the Dhamma further."
24) Hạnh Minh Buddha:
"In that case, Vaccha, develop two other things: serenity and insight. When these two things are developed further, they will lead to the penetration of many elements.
Hạnh Minh Buddha: To the extent that you may wish:
(SC. Nguyên Giác)
'May I wield the various kinds of supernormal power: having been one, may I become many; having been many, may I become one; may I appear and vanish; may I go unhindered through a wall, through an enclosure, through a mountain, as though travel through space; may I dive in and out of the earth as though it were water; may I walk on water without sinking as though it were earth; seated cross-legged, may I travel in space like a bird; with my hand may I touch and stroke the moon and sun so powerful and mighty; may I wield bodily mastery even as far as the Brahma-world' you will attain the ability to witness any aspect therein, there being a suitable basis."
Hạnh Minh Buddha: To the extent that you may wish:
(SC. Nhuận Pháp)
'May I, with the divine ear element, which is purified and surpasses the human, hear both kinds of sounds, the divine and the human, those that are far as well as near' - you will attain the ability to witness any aspect therein, there being a suitable basis.
Hạnh Minh Buddha: To the extent that you may wish:
(SC. Viên Tạng)
'May I understand the minds of other beings, of other persons, having encompassed them with my own mind. May I understand a mind affected by lust as affected by lust and a mind unaffected by lust as unaffected by lust; may I understand a mind affected by hate as affected by hate and a mind unaffected by hate as unaffected by hate; may I understand a mind affected by delusion as affected by delusion and a mind unaffected by delusion as unaffected by delusion; may I understand a contracted mind as contracted and a distracted mind as distracted; may I understand an exalted mind as exalted and an un-exalted mind as un-exalted; may I understand a surpassed mind as surpassed and an unsurpassed mind as unsurpassed; may I understand a concentrated mind as concentrated and an un-concentrated mind as un-concentrated; may I understand a liberated mind as liberated and an un-liberated mind as un-liberated' - you will attain the ability to witness any aspect therein, there being a suitable basis. "
Hạnh Minh Buddha: To the extent that you may wish:
(SC. Nguyên Giác)
'May I recollect my manifold past lives, that is, one birth, two births, three births, ... a hundred births, a thousand births, a hundred thousand births, many aeons of world-contraction, many aeons of world expansion, many aeons of world-contraction and expansion: 'There I was so named, of such a clan, with such an appearance, such was my nutriment, such my experience of pleasure and pain, such my life-term; and passing away from there, I reappeared elsewhere; and there too I was so named, of such a clan, with such an appearance, such was my nutriment, such my experience of pleasure and pain, such my life-term; and passing away from there, I reappeared here.' Thus with their aspects and particulars may I recollect my manifold past lives'
Hạnh Minh Buddha: - you will attain the ability to witness any aspect therein, there being a suitable basis.
To the extent that you may wish:
(SC. Viên Bảo)
'May I, with the divine eye, which is purified and surpasses the human, see beings passing away and reappearing, inferior and superior, fair and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate. I understand how beings pass on according to their actions thus: 'These worthy beings who were ill-conducted in body, speech, and mind, revilers of noble ones, wrong in their views, giving effect to wrong view in their actions, on the dissolution of the body, after death, have reappeared in a state of deprivation, in a bad destination, in perdition, even in hell; but these worthy beings who were well conducted in body, speech, and mind, not revilers of noble ones, right in their views, giving effect to right view in their actions, on the dissolution of the body, after death, have reappeared in a good destination, even in the heavenly world.' Thus with the divine eye, which is purified and surpasses the human, I see beings passing away and reappearing, inferior and superior, fair and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate, and I understand how beings pass on according to their actions."
Hạnh Minh Buddha: - you will attain the ability to witness any aspect therein, there being a suitable basis. "
"To the extent that you may wish:
'May I, by realising for myself with direct knowledge, here and now enter upon and abide in the deliverance of mind and deliverance by wisdom that are taintless with the destruction of the taints' - you will attain the ability to witness any aspect therein, there being a suitable basis."
(SC. Vi ên B ảo)
Then the venerable Vacchagotta, having delighted and rejoiced in the Blessed One's words, rose from his seat, and after paying homage to the Blessed One, keeping him on his right, he departed. Before long, dwelling alone, withdrawn, diligent, ardent, and resolute, the venerable Vacchagotta, by realising for himself with direct knowledge, here and now entered upon and abided in that supreme goal of the holy life for the sake of which clansmen rightly go forth from the home life into homelessness. He directly knew:
(SC. Nguyên Giác)
"Birth is destroyed, the holy life has been lived," what had to be done has been done, there is no more coming to any state of being."
(SC Viên Bảo)
And the venerable Vacchagotta became one of the arahants.
Now on that occasion a number of bhikkhus were going to see the Blessed One. The venerable Vacchagotta saw them coming in the distance. Seeing them, he went to them and asked them:
Now on that occasion a number of bhikkhus were going to see the Blessed One. The venerable Vacchagotta saw them coming in the distance. Seeing them, he went to them and asked them:
(SC. Nguyên Giác)
Where are the venerable ones going?"
(SC. Nhuận Pháp)
"We are going to see the Blessed One, friend."
(SC Nguyên Giác)
"In that case, may the venerable ones pay homage in my name with their heads at the Blessed One's feet, saying:
(SC. Viên Tạng): 'Venerable sir, the bhikkhu Vacchagotta pays homage with his head at the Blessed One's feet.' Then say: 'The Blessed One has been worshipped by me, the Sublime One has been worshipped by me.'"
(SC: Nhuận Pháp) "Yes, friend,"
(SC. Viên Bảo) those bhikkhus replied.
Then they went to the Blessed One, and after paying homage to him, they sat down at one side and told the Blessed One:
Then they went to the Blessed One, and after paying homage to him, they sat down at one side and told the Blessed One:
(SC: Nhuận Pháp) "Venerable sir, the venerable Vacchagotta pays homage with his head at the Blessed One's feet, and he says: 'The Blessed One has been worshipped by me, the Sublime One has been worshipped by me.'"
Hạnh Minh Buddha:
"Bhikkhus, having encompassed his mind with my own mind, I already knew of the bhikkhu Vacchagotta: 'The bhikkhu Vacchagotta has attained the threefold true knowledge and has great super-normal power and might.' And deities also told me this: 'The bhikkhu Vacchagotta has attained the threefold true knowledge and has great supernormal power and might.'"
(SC. Viên B ảo)
That is what the Blessed One said. Those bhikkhus were satisfied and delighted in the Blessed One's words.
Bhikkhu Bodhi
